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Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) specific antibody IgG positive rate in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors in China. Methods the relevant literatures about the positive rate of SARS-COV-2 specific antibody IgG in COVID-19 survivors in China were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database from December 2019 to February 24, 2022. The quality of the documents were assessed according the revised AHRQ (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) statement. Freeman-tukey double arsinusoidal conversion method was used to calculate the positive rate, and StataSE15.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed according to detection method and fragment, and publication bias was examined by Egger method. Results A total of 12 articles were included, IgG was detected from the first month to the twelfth month after SARS-COV-2 infection, and the total sample size ranged from 74 to 2 907 cases per month. The positive rate was the highest in the second month and the third month, 96.35% (95% CI: 93.98%-98.14%) and 97.23% (95% CI: 94.47%-99.05%) respectively. The positive rate decreased gradually with time, and reached 73.63% (95% CI: 50.31%-91.45%) in the twelfth month. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the heterogeneity between studies with the different detection method and the different detection fragment were significant differences (X2=5.02-39.57, all P < 0.05). Egger method test published bias, and the difference was not statistically significant (t=1.85, P=0.101). Conclusion Most people, one year after infection with SARSCOV- 2, could still detect SARS-COV-2 specific antibody IgG.
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Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Shaanxi Province from December 2021 to January 2022. Methods: All COVID-19 patients' information was obtained from the Health Committee of Shaanxi Province. SPSS 26.0 and Stata MP 16.0 were used to analyze the distribution of Time, Population and Region. Descriptive statistical method was used to investigate the correlation between age, gender and clinical syndrome types of patients. Results: The duration of this epidemic was 43 days, and 2 080 confirmed cases in total, which distributed in cities of Xi'an (2 053 cases), Xianyang (13 cases), Yan'an (13 cases) and Weinan (1 cases). The mean age of the patients was 35.91+or-17.72 years old, the number of male patients was higher than that of female, and 93.7% of the patients had mild symptoms. The age and gender of the patients were statistically correlated with the symptom type (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Preventing the imported and the spread of domestic cases are currently the main measures to prevent COVID-19 in China. People should abide by the requirements and duties of epidemic prevention and control. Health management and strict quarantine should apply for keynote areas and populations. Meanwhile, the discovery of asymptomatic patients is important to prevent the potential epidemic.
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Objective: To investigate the predictive values of fasting blood glucose and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) in non-diabetic patients with COVID-19. Methods: A total of 39 non-diabetic patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Fourth Hospital of Xi'an from December 2021 to January 2022 were included. And 34 health examination subjects from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were matched as health control according to their propensity score. The clinical characteristics and laboratory test results between groups were compared, and the predictive value of fasting glucose and TG/HDL-C in non-diabetic COVID-19 patients was analyzed by logistic regression and receiver operating curve (ROC). Results: COVID-19 patients were either mild (30 cases) or common type (9 cases) with mild symptoms and good clinical prognosis. The median age was 29.0 (20.0, 49.0) years, 24 (61.5%) were males. Fasting blood glucose (4.30+or-0.47 mmol/L) and HDL-C [1.07 (0.86, 1.30) mmol/L] levels in COVID-19 patients were significantly lower than healthy controls [5.15+or-0.70 mmol/L, 2.24 (1.77, 3.05) mmol/L], the differences were statistically significant (t=6.277, P < 0.001;Z=6.026, P < 0.001). However, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [2.40 (1.81, 2.91) mmol/L] and TG/HDL-C [0.91 (0.54, 1.52)] in COVID-19 patients were significantly increased compared to healthy controls [1.11 (0.99, 1.30) mmol/L, 0.54 (0.33, 0.90)], and the differences were statistically significant (Z=-6.271, -2.801, all P < 0.005). Logistic regression analysis showed that fasting blood glucose on admission could be an independent protective factor (OR:0.020, 95% CI: 0.003 ~ 0.150) and elevated TG/HDL-C be a risk factor (OR:4.802, 95% CI: 1.249 ~ 18.460) for COVID-19 infection among non-diabetic populations. The ROC curve showed that fasting blood glucose and TG/HDL-C were good at predicting the risk of COVID-19, and the area under the curve (AUC) were 0.871 and 0.708, respectively, and was 0.895 when combined. Conclusion: Decreased fasting blood glucose and elevated TG/HDL-C would be risk factors for COVID-19 infection in the non-diabetic population, and both have good predictive value for the incidence of COVID-19.
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Objective: To determine the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province. Methods: Epidemiological analysis was conducted on the confirmed cases of COVID-19 (n=245) from January 23rd, 2020 through February 21st, 2020 based on the official data announced by Shaanxi Province. The effects of local population migration, prevention and control measures on the epidemic were explored. Results: As of February 21st, 2020, a total of 245 COVID-19 cases had been notified in Shaanxi Province, with a cumulative incidence rate of 0.63 per 100 000, of which imported cases accounted for 47.34%. The high incidence was observed between January 31st and February 5th. Xi'an had the largest number of COVID-19 cases, followed by Ankang, Hanzhong and Xianyang, totally accounting for 81.20% of the cases in the province. In terms of social factors, daily morbidity was positively correlated with Baidu migration scale index 14 days before. On January 25th, the provincial health emergency response was launched, and on January 31st, it was further upgraded for quarantine. On February 20th, the provincial prevention and control system was implemented by classified areas. There were no emerging local cases after February 21st and no confirmed cases for 28th consecutive days as of March 19th. Local cases and close contacts were cleared to zero on March 27th. Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic in Shaanxi Province is mainly concentrated in Guanzhong area and southern Shaanxi, with a widespread pattern in all cities. The prevention and control measures have effectively contained the epidemic, with a declining incidence. However, quarantine of suspected cases and close contacts remains crucial for routine prevention and control strategy.
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To explore characteristics of patients with pneumonia infected by 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in 2019 outside Hubei Province, China. 40 patients with pneumonia infected by COVID-19 which were confirmed by COVID-19 nucleic acid test were included. Procalcitonin (PCT), serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and computed tomography (CT) manifestations were analyzed. 40% of patients had clear contact history with Wuhan or other areas of Hubei Province. 60% of patients were clustered diseases and 40% were imported cases. 75% of patients had initial fever, 7.5% had cough, 5% had sore throat at first. 45% had decreased lymphocyte count, 72.5% and 55% patients had increased levels of SAA and CRP. 72.5% of the patients showed multiple ground glass lesions in one or two lungs on chest CT. 90% of the patients with pneumonia are of the common type, and a-interferon atomization inhalation combined with Lopinavir/Ritonavir tablets were given to patients during treatment. 62.5% of the patients were treated with antibiotics, and 15% with hormone. All patients improved after treatment, and 14 patients were cured and discharged. Family cluster infection and asymptomatic infection may be the main way of spreading of COVID-19 pneumonia outside Hubei Province in China.
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OBJECTIVE: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province during cluster outbreak and explore the prevention and control strategies for the epidemic caused by the Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant. METHODS: The confirmed cases of COVID-19 who were treated in Xi'an People's Hospital, a designated hospital, were enrolled in the study, the data of the patients such as baseline data, diagnostic types and initial symptoms were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Among 703 confirmed cases of COVID-19, the gender ratio of male to female was 1.16:1, the age ranged between 10 months and 94 years old, with the median age 33 years old;the patients with mild symptoms(58.46%) and the patients with common symptoms(39.12%) were dominant. 70.13% of the patients were vaccinated with 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine, 13.51% have not been vaccinated. In terms of the initial symptoms of COVID-19, the patients with cough accounted for 42.96%, the patients with pharyngeal symptoms accounted for 29.87%, and the patients with fever accounted for 25.60%. Totally 129 patients did not have obvious symptoms during the initial stage. There was significant difference in the influence of age and vaccination on severity of disease(P<0.05). The patients aged no less than 60 years old were the high-risk population for the severe(57.14%) and critically severe(66.67%) symptoms;the morbidity rates of severe symptoms(50.00%) and critically severe symptoms(66.67%) were high among the patients without vaccination. CONCLUSION: The local cluster outbreak caused by Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant in Xi 'an, Shaanxi province are characterized by strong transmission power and fast transmission. It is necessary to focus on the prevention and control among the populations of infants and old people, enhance the epidemiological surgery, precisely trace and isolate close contacts, identify and take interventions to illness condition in early stage. In daily prevention and control, fever, as a typical symptom, should be monitored, and it is necessary to boost the comprehensiveness and sensitivity of symptom monitoring. Universal vaccination remains one of the effective measures for protection of vulnerable populations.
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In the context of the complex international situation and novel Coronavirus pandemic, the issue of food security in China has become more important. Shaanxi province is an important agricultural production base in northwest China. It is of great significance to explore and analyze the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of cultivated land pressure in Shaanxi Province. This study is based on the number and distribution situation of cultivated land from 1995 to 2019 in Shaanxi, the minimum area of cultivated land per capita Sminand cultivated land pressure index P measure, to integrate the traditional difference index, establish the overall differentiation measure index of GDI, reference gravity mobile model and overall differentiation measure index of GDI describe the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of cultivated land pressure in the area. The driving factors of cultivated land pressure change were analyzed and discussed by using grey correlation analysis method. The results showed that the cultivated land area in Shaanxi province decreased firstly and then increased from 1995 to 2019. The cultivated land pressure index showed a downward trend, and remained at the level of "warning pressure" for a long time, with a small variation range. The center of cultivated land pressure in Shaanxi province was located in Guanzhong area, and moved northwestward first, then southward year by year. The spatial differentiation of cultivated land pressure in Shaanxi province was not obvious before 2003, and the state was relatively stable, and the differentiation pattern became more and more obvious after 2003. Frost-free period, precipitation, grain yield per unit, fertilizer use, income of rural residents, income of urban residents, economic development level and industrial level had significant effects on cultivated land pressure in Shaanxi Province from 1995 to 2019. © 2022 Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization Editorial Office. All rights reserved.
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This study characterized Yersinia enterocolitica and other Yersinia spp. isolated from retail and processed meats sampled in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China (2018–2019). The detection rate of Yersinia -positive samples was 14.30% (86/600). Yersinia was commonly prevalent in beefs (32.00%), frozen meats (25.00%), packaged meats (21.65%), and meats from supermarkets (17.23%). Y. enterocolitica was identified as the most prevalent species (50.00%, 62/124), followed by Y. frederiksenii (24.19%), Y. intermedia (16.94%), and Y. kristensenii (8.87%). Most Y. enterocolitica isolates were of bio-serotype 1A/nt (67.74%). Sixty-three isolates (50.81%) carried yst B and two isolates (1.61%) carried rfb C. Yersinia isolates were commonly resistant to ampicillin (91.94%), cefazolin (71.77%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (56.45%), cefoxitin (28.23%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (1.61%). Sixty-six isolates (53.23%) were resistant to three or more antibiotics. Pulse field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the genetic homology of Yersinia isolates between pork, beef, and chicken was low, as was that of biotype 1A isolates. The results indicate that Y. enterocolitica and other Yersinia spp. (especially bio-serotype 1A/nt, ampicillin-resistant, and yst B-carrying strains) are prevalent in retail and processed meats in the study area, which provides valuable baseline data for food safety and public health safeguarding. • Yersinia spp. with different characteristics were prevalent in retail meat. • Yersinia enterocolitica was the most commonly detected species. • Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A isolates carried gene yst B and resisted multiple antibiotics. • The genetic relationship of Yersinia isolates between pork, beef, and chicken was diverse. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of LWT - Food Science & Technology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Objective: To investigate the changes of serum lipoxin A4 (LXA4), caspase recruitment domain containing protein 9 (Card9), and pentraxin 3 (PTX-3) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and their predictive value of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
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Objective: To evaluate the life quality of patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), and to analyze its influencing factors.
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Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Xi'an, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control measures.
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Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases reported in Xianyang City from January to February 2020.
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The global spread of COVID-19 epidemic has aroused great attention of the whole society to urban health problems, so it is of practical significance to carry out health city evaluation for improving urban health level, preventing sudden urban problems and improving living environment. In this study, the entropy weight method and Moran index are used to evaluate the healthy cities of 10 prefecture-level cities in Shaanxi Province and the results show that: ①Differences in urban development conditions affect the health level of cities, and index factors have different effects in different cities;②The strength of urban economy and traffic connection affects the level of regional healthy development;③Medical facilities and public transportation are important supporting systems to deal with sudden public health incidents. In spatial planning, planning and construction based on healthy city evaluation has scientific guiding significance. © 2022, Editorial Office of Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology. All right reserved.
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Purpose This paper investigates Chinese agricultural insurance agents willingness to offer (WTO) livestock insurance based on the variations of eight main attributes of livestock insurance. Design/methodology/approach This study implements discrete choice experiments (DCE) with actual insurance agents who design, sell and operate livestock insurance in China. The choice experiment of this study is based on the D-optimal approach, a six-block design, with 15 cards per block and two choices per card. The sample size was 211. Econometrics results are based on conditional and mixed logit models. Findings The authors find that the subsidy effect is enormous;a one level increase of subsidy leads to 3.166 times higher probability to offer. This subsidy effect is important as it confirms the endogenous structure between price and quantity in insurance offering, where subsidy does not only incentivize demand but also the supply. Another main factor of insurance investigated is the impact of different coverage types on agents' WTO. The authors find that agents prefer mortality insurance the most, followed by revenue insurance and profit insurance, while Index-Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI) is the least preferred to offer. Agents' knowledge about these newer types of insurance supports their WTO as well;thus, proper education is necessary to promote the more advanced types of livestock insurance. Research limitations/implications A limitation is that in the presence of COVID 19, and administrative issues at the local level, the sample was not randomly drawn. Nonetheless, the authors believe that there is enough diversity across participants, insurers and provinces and have done sufficient robustness checks to support results and conclusions. Practical implications This study provides further validation for the DCE research method that could potentially be applied to different analyses: using choice experiments to study insurers and reveal their preferences, through combinations of various levels of core attributes for insurance products. The findings and contribution are critical to the reform and improvement of livestock insurance in China and for insurance markets more broadly. The authors find that insurers do not place equal weights or values on insurance product attributes and do not view types of insurance equally. In other words, while farmers may hold different preferences about the type of insurance they demand, the results suggest that insurers also hold preferences in the type of insurance they sell. Originality/value So far as the authors are aware, this is the first DCE designed around the supply of insurance products with the subjects being insurance agents, marketers and executives.
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OBJECTIVES: Firstly, according to the characteristics of COVID-19 epidemic and the control measures of the government of Shaanxi Province, a general population epidemic model is established. Then, the control reproduction number of general population epidemic model is obtained. Based on the epidemic model of general population, the epidemic model of general population and college population is further established, and the control reproduction number is also obtained. METHODS: For the established epidemic model, firstly, the expression of the control reproduction number is obtained by using the next generation matrix. Secondly, the real-time reported data of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province is used to fit the epidemic model, and the parameters in the model are estimated by least square method and MCMC. Thirdly, the Latin hypercube sampling method and partial rank correlation coefficient (PRCC) are adopted to analyze the sensitivity of the model. CONCLUSIONS: The control reproduction number remained at 3 from January 23 to January 31, then gradually decreased from 3 to slightly greater than 0.2 by using the real-time reports on the number of COVID-19 infected cases from Health Committee of Shaanxi Province in China. In order to further control the spread of the epidemic, the following measures can be taken: (i) reducing infection by wearing masks, paying attention to personal hygiene and limiting travel; (ii) improving isolation of suspected patients and treatment of symptomatic individuals. In particular, the epidemic model of the college population and the general population is established, and the control reproduction number is given, which will provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the epidemic in the colleges.
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Currently, COVID-19 has been reported in nearly all countries globally. To date, little is known about the viral shedding duration, clinical course and treatment efficacy of COVID-19 near Hubei Province, China. This multicentre, retrospective study was performed in 12 hospitals in Henan and Shaanxi Provinces from 20 January to 8 February 2020. Clinical outcomes were followed up until 26 March 2020. The viral shedding duration, full clinical course and treatment efficacy were analysed in different subgroups of patients. A total of 149 COVID-19 patients were enrolled. The median age was 42 years, and 61.1% (91) were males. Of them, 133 (89.3%) had fever, 131 of 144 (91%) had pneumonia, 27 (18.1%) required intensive care unit (ICU) management, 3 (2%) were pregnant, and 3 (2%) died. Two premature newborns were negative for SARS-CoV-2. In total, the median SARS-CoV-2 shedding period and clinical course were 12 (IQR: 9-17; mean: 13.4, 95% CI: 12.5, 14.2) and 20 (IQR: 16-24; mean: 21.2, 95% CI: 20.1, 22.3) days, respectively, and ICU patients had longer median viral shedding periods (21 [17-24] versus 11 [9-15]) and clinical courses (30 [22-33] vs. 19 [15.8-22]) than non-ICU patients (both p < .0001). SARS-CoV-2 clearances occurred at least 2 days before fatality in 3 non-survivors. Current treatment with any anti-viral agent or combination did not present the benefit of shortening viral shedding period and clinical course (all p > .05) in real-life settings. In conclusion, the viral shedding duration and clinical course in Henan and Shaanxi Provinces were shorter than those in Hubei Province, and current anti-viral therapies were ineffective for shortening viral shedding duration and clinical course in real-world settings. These findings expand our knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be helpful for management of the epidemic outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide. Further studies concerning effective anti-viral agents and vaccines are urgently needed.